Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Publication_Date: 20230405
      Title: No_Duplicates_PWS_all
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Carla R. Romano
          Originator: Nathan D. Sandwick
          Originator: Jennifer L. McNelly
          Originator: Michael J. Parsen
          Originator: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
          Originator: Kenneth R. Bradbury
          Publication_Date: 20230405
          Title: Central sands nitrate and neonicotinoids database
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: Data Series
            Issue_Identification: 002
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Madison, Wisconsin
            Publisher: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
          Other_Citation_Details: Recommended citation: Romano, C.R., Parsen, M.J., Sandwick, N.D., McNelly, J.L., Bradbury, K.R., 2023, Central sands nitrate and neonicotinoids database: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Data Series 002, https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257.
          Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257
  Description:
    Abstract: Nitrate data collected in Public Water Systems (Municipal, Other than Municipal, Transient Non Community, Non Transient Non Community. This layer is a merge of several datasets that were also checked for duplicates. The duplicate check strategy consisted of comparing pairs of datasets based at least on well location (PLSS), nitrate level, and sample date. When duplicates were found, we kept the samples belonging to the dataset that had more info on well properties, well location accuracy, etc. The datasets are the following: 1) Adams County DNR dataset with data up to 2010 (Data was previously shared with Adams Co. from DNR); 2) Adams County UWSP dataset with data up to 2010 (Data was previously shared with Adams Co. from UWSP); 3) DNR data downloaded from the Groundwater Retrieval Network - Historical samples (https://dnr.wi.gov/GRNext/SampleHistory/Search); 4) DNR data downloaded from PWS contaminants portal (https://dnr.wi.gov/dwsviewer/ContamResult/Search); 5) DNR data privately shared with WGNHS; 6) DATCP data privately shared with WGNHS; 7) Wood County data privately shared with WGNHS; 8) USGS data downloaded from the Water Quality Portal (https://www.waterqualitydata.us/); 9) Portage County dataset privately shared with WGNHSThe data does not include samples coming from treated systems. Information on treatment for each public water system can be downloaded at https://dnr.wi.gov/dwsviewer/DS/Search. We only kept the treatments that had "Inorganic removal" objectives. Some systems had an unknown start date of the treatment and/or ongoing end date. If the end date was unknown, we assumed that the end date was the date of today.If the sample date was within the interval time of the start or end date, the measurement was considered treated (flagged as treated = Y in the dataset table)If the sample date was outside the interval time of the start or end date, the measurement was considered not treated (flagged as treated = N in the dataset table)If the sample date was inside the interval time of the start or end date, but the start date was unknown, the measurement was considered treated (flagged as treated = MAYBE- START DATE UNKNOWN in the dataset table). For each PWS ID, there are several source IDs (one to many). Treatment information only specifies the PWS ID and the source ID that has the treatment. For assigning a source ID to each WUWN (one to one), we first cross-checked the above-mentioned datasets. Then we tried to retrieve Source ID-WUWN info from the PWS portal, by looking at the entry points table for each PWS ID. We also made the following assumption:If a PWS has only ever had one entry point: assign that well and source ID to that measurement.If a PWS has had two entry points, one abandoned/inactive (1) and one active(2): if the sampling date >= deactivation date, then use well and source id of well 2. If the sampling date For the PWS that had multiple active source IDs, with some of the sources having treatments, we were not able to certainly define what measurement came from a treated system. We flagged these measurements as treated (treated = MAYBE- SOURCE ID UNKNOWN in the dataset table). If the PWS was not mentioned in the original dataset or neither was the WUWN, the sample measurement was flagged as treated (treated = MAYBE- PWS UNKNOWN in the dataset table)We flagged the nitrate measurements as non treated (treated = N in the dataset table) if they were coming from raw water and/or collected from a well.'PLSS_final_DATA': Info on Township, Range, and Section where the well is located'PLSS_final_source': Source(s) of the PLSS information'PLSS_final_method': location accuracy of the PLSS'Nitrate_mg_L_0' : Nitrate level in mg/L with minimum value =0'Nitrate_mg_L_RL':Nitrate level in mg/L with minimum value = Reporting Limit (when available)'Well_Depth_ft': Depth of the well bottom in feet 'WellD_source': Source(s) of the well depth information'WellD_accurate': Accurate is = 'Y' if a) at least two well datasets agree with each other or b) the data source is only one or c) the well depth is >= water depth or d) well depth is >= casing bottom depth. Accurate is = 'N' if a) all datasets give different well depths or b )the well depth is 'Water_Depth_ft: Static water level at the time of construction of the well in feet 'WaterD_source': Source(s) of the water depth information'WaterD_accurate': Accurate is = 'Y' if a) at least two well datasets agree with each other or b) the data source is only one or c) the water depth well depth 'CasingB_Depth_ft': Depth of the casing bottom in feet'CasingB_source': Source(s) of the casing bottom depth information'CasingB_accurate': Accurate is = 'Y' if a) at least two well datasets agree with each other or b) the data source is only one or c) the casing bottom depth well depth 'Construction_date': Well construction date 'Construction_date_source': Source(s) of the well construction date information'Construction_date_accurate': Accurate is = 'Y' if a) at least two well datasets agree with each other or b) the data source is only one or c) the construction date sample date in OTHER PWS nitrate dataset'Construction_type': Well construction type'Construction_type_source': Source(s) of the well construction type information'Construction_type_accurate': Accurate is = 'Y' if a) at least two well datasets agree with each other or b) the data source is only one. Accurate is = 'N' if a) all datasets give different well construction date 'Status': Status of the well. Most of this information comes from DNR datasets (Groundwater Retrieval Network and other datasets privately shared). If the well status is Null, then no info on the well status could have been retrieved.'HighCap': marked as "Y" if the well is a high-capacity well. Most of this information comes from DNR datasets (Groundwater Retrieval Network and other datasets privately shared)'HighCap_source': Source(s) of the high cap information'Well_address_GRN': address of the well according to the Groundwater Retrieval Network'Bedrock_depth_ft': Depth to bedrock in feet. The info comes from Well Construction reports and the GDB (internal WGNHS well database). 'Bedrock_depth_GDB': Depth to bedrock in feet. The info comes from the GDB (internal WGNHS well database). 'SAMPLE_LOCATION_DESC': describe where the sample was collected in the drinking system.'TREATED': specifies if the measurements come from a treated (Y), not treated (N), or maybe treated system.'Description_final': refers to the description of the treatment'Start_date_final': start date of treatment 'End_date_final': end date of treatment'Objectives_final': the objective of treatmentExceeds_10_mg_L': number of measurements exceeding Drinking water standards for Nitrate-N (10 mg/L)'Wells_sampled_min':the number of wells sampled per section. This is just an estimate, as it is based on the unique value or first value of a list of duplicates, based on the Wisconsin Well Unique number or the Portage unique well number.'Wells_exceeding_10mg_L': number of wells exceeding Drinking water standards for Nitrate-N'Water_well_diff': the difference between water depth and well depth. The column is populated only when well depth, water depth, and casing bottom depth are marked as accurate = Y'Water_casing_diff': the difference between water depth and casing bottom depth. The column is populated only when well depth, water depth, and casing bottom depth are marked as accurate = Y
    Purpose: The Central Sands nitrate and neonicotinoid database consists of over 100,000 measurements of nitrate and neonicotinoid concentrations in groundwater from wells across Adams, Juneau, Marquette, Portage, Waushara, and Wood counties collected between 1953 and 2021. These counties comprise the Central Sands Groundwater County Collaborative (GSGCC), which facilitated the project to gather these data. The purpose of the project was in order to evaluate trends in nitrate and neonicotinoid concentrations in groundwater and explore correlations between groundwater-quality and land-use type. Findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
    Supplemental_Information: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 20230405
    Currentness_Reference: publication date
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -92.9642
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -86.7088
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.0831
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.458
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Waushara County
      Place_Keyword: Wisconsin
      Place_Keyword: Wood County
      Place_Keyword: Adams County
      Place_Keyword: Portage County
      Place_Keyword: Juneau County
      Place_Keyword: Marquette County
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: These data are provided by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) on an "as is" basis. WGNHS will not be liable for any damages of any kind arising from the use of these data, including, but not limited to direct, indirect, punitive, and consequential. WGNHS makes no warranties on these data, express, implied, statutory, or in any other provision of any agreement or communication, and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Data_Set_Credit:
    Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
    Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP)
    University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point (UWSP)
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
    Adams County
    Portage County
    Wood  County
    Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.8.1.14362
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Logical_Consistency_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Completeness_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: No_Duplicates_PWS_all
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: OBJECTID_1
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SAMPLE_DATE
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Nitrate_mg_L_RL
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SOURCE_N_DATA
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PLSS_final_DATA
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PLSS_final_method
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PLSS_final_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Well_depth_ft
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CasingB_Depth_ft
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Water_Depth_ft
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_type
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Well_use
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Status
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Deactivation_Date
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Availability
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Type
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SAMPLE_LOCATION_DESC
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: TREATED
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Description_final
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Start_date_final
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: End_date_final
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Objectives_final
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Exceeds_10_mg_L
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Wells_sampled_min
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Wells_exceeding_10mg_L
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: WellD_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: WellD_accurate
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: WaterD_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: WaterD_accurate
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CasingB_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CasingB_accurate
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_date_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_date_accurate
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_type_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_type_accurate
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: WellUse_final_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: HighCap
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: HighCap_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Bedrock_depth_ft_GRN
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Bedrock_depth_GDB
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Bedrock_well
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_date
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Water_well_diff
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Water_casing_diff
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Please see the abstract/description section of the metadata for attribute information.
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Distribution_Liability: These data are provided by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) on an "as is" basis. WGNHS will not be liable for any damages of any kind arising from the use of these data, including, but not limited to direct, indirect, punitive, and consequential. WGNHS makes no warranties on these data, express, implied, statutory, or in any other provision of any agreement or communication, and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: Digital Data
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257
    Fees: None.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20230317
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
