Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Publication_Date: 20230405
      Title: Nitrate_stats_per_section_Non_PWS_1977_1986
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Carla R. Romano
          Originator: Nathan D. Sandwick
          Originator: Jennifer L. McNelly
          Originator: Michael J. Parsen
          Originator: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
          Originator: Kenneth R. Bradbury
          Publication_Date: 20230405
          Title: Central sands nitrate and neonicotinoids database
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: Data Series
            Issue_Identification: 002
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Madison, Wisconsin
            Publisher: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
          Other_Citation_Details: Recommended citation: Romano, C.R., Parsen, M.J., Sandwick, N.D., McNelly, J.L., Bradbury, K.R., 2023, Central sands nitrate and neonicotinoids database: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Data Series 002, https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257.
          Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257
  Description:
    Abstract: Summary of nitrate levels and samples amount per section for NON Public Water Systems (Private, irrigation, monitoring wells, etc.; All wells, except Municipal, Other than Municipal, Transient Non Community, Non Transient Non Community).This layer only takes in account samples collected between 01/01/1977 and 31/12/1986. The data only includes samples collected in wells for which the location accuracy was at least a section or unverified ('PLSS' column). This layer is a merge of several datasets that were also checked for duplicates. The duplicate check strategy consisted of comparing pairs of datasets based at least on well location (plss), nitrate level, and sample date. When duplicates were found, we kept the samples belonging to the dataset that had more info on well properties, or well location accuracy, etc.The datasets are the following: 1) DNR data downloaded from the Groundwater Retrieval Network - Historical samples (https://dnr.wi.gov/GRNext/SampleHistory/Search); 2) DNR private well data privately shared with WGNHS; 3) DNR public and private well data privately shared with WGNHS; 4) USGS data downloaded from the Water Quality Portal (https://www.waterqualitydata.us/); 5) Portage County dataset privately shared with WGNHS; 6 ) UWSP private wells data; 7) Adams County UWSP dataset with data up to 2010 (Data was previously shared with Adams Co. from UWSP)For private systems, we do not have a direct way to flag the treated systems. We assumed all of the samples were collected from not treated systems. However, for the UWSP and the Portage County dataset we had some information on hardness, alkalinity, and conductivity. Under the suggestion of Kevin Masarik at UWSP, we flagged as treated the measurements that had a low nitrate value, alkalinity and hardness values less than 20 mg/L as CaCO3 and conductivity values The column "FREQUENCY" refers to the number of samples collected for each section. The minimum, maximum, mean, std, and median nitrate values are reported for each section. The column "COUNT_Exceed_10mgL" includes the number of measurements exceeding Drinking water standards for Nitrate-N per section. The column "COUNT_Wells_sampled_min" includes the number of wells sampled per section. This is just an estimate as not all the samples have a Wisconsin Well Unique number or a Portage unique well number or a UWSP well number. The number of wells sampled per section is estimated by searching for the unique value or first value of a list of duplicates (of the well numbers values). The column "COUNT_Wells_exceed_10mgL" includes the number of wells exceeding Drinking water standards for Nitrate-N per section. The column "Percent_samples_over_10mg_L" includes the percentage of samples exceeding Drinking water standards for Nitrate-N per section.
    Purpose: The Central Sands nitrate and neonicotinoid database consists of over 100,000 measurements of nitrate and neonicotinoid concentrations in groundwater from wells across Adams, Juneau, Marquette, Portage, Waushara, and Wood counties collected between 1953 and 2021. These counties comprise the Central Sands Groundwater County Collaborative (GSGCC), which facilitated the project to gather these data. The purpose of the project was in order to evaluate trends in nitrate and neonicotinoid concentrations in groundwater and explore correlations between groundwater-quality and land-use type. Findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
    Supplemental_Information: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 20230405
    Currentness_Reference: publication date
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.317193
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.148463
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.685880
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.656982
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Waushara County
      Place_Keyword: Wisconsin
      Place_Keyword: Wood County
      Place_Keyword: Adams County
      Place_Keyword: Portage County
      Place_Keyword: Juneau County
      Place_Keyword: Marquette County
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: These data are provided by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) on an "as is" basis. WGNHS will not be liable for any damages of any kind arising from the use of these data, including, but not limited to direct, indirect, punitive, and consequential. WGNHS makes no warranties on these data, express, implied, statutory, or in any other provision of any agreement or communication, and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Data_Set_Credit:
    Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
    University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point (UWSP)
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
    Adams County
    Portage County
    Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.8.1.14362
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Logical_Consistency_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Completeness_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 817
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Geographic:
      Latitude_Resolution: 8.983152841195215e-09
      Longitude_Resolution: 8.983152841195215e-09
      Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D WGS 1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Nitrate_stats_per_section_Non_PWS_1977_1986
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: OBJECTID_1
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PLSS
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FREQUENCY
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: MIN_Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: MAX_Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: MEAN_Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: STD_Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: MEDIAN_Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: COUNT_Exceed_10mgL
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: COUNT_Wells_sampled_min
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: COUNT_Wells_exceed_10mgL
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape_Length
      Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape_Area
      Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Percent_samples_over_10mg_L
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Please see the abstract/description section of the metadata for attribute information.
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Distribution_Liability: These data are provided by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) on an "as is" basis. WGNHS will not be liable for any damages of any kind arising from the use of these data, including, but not limited to direct, indirect, punitive, and consequential. WGNHS makes no warranties on these data, express, implied, statutory, or in any other provision of any agreement or communication, and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: Digital Data
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257
    Fees: None.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20230317
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
