Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Publication_Date: 20230405
      Title: Nitrate_stats_per_section_PWS
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Carla R. Romano
          Originator: Nathan D. Sandwick
          Originator: Jennifer L. McNelly
          Originator: Michael J. Parsen
          Originator: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
          Originator: Kenneth R. Bradbury
          Publication_Date: 20230405
          Title: Central sands nitrate and neonicotinoids database
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: Data Series
            Issue_Identification: 002
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Madison, Wisconsin
            Publisher: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
          Other_Citation_Details: Recommended citation: Romano, C.R., Parsen, M.J., Sandwick, N.D., McNelly, J.L., Bradbury, K.R., 2023, Central sands nitrate and neonicotinoids database: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Data Series 002, https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257.
          Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257
  Description:
    Abstract: Summary of nitrate levels and samples amount per section for Public Water Systems (Municipal, Other than Municipal, Transient Non Community, Non Transient Non Community). This layer is based on the table "NO_DUPL_PWS_not_treated_good_location". The data only includes samples collected in wells for which the location accuracy was at least a section or unverified ('PLSS' column). This layer is a merge of several datasets that were also checked for duplicates. The duplicate check strategy consisted of comparing pairs of datasets based at least on well location (PLSS), nitrate level, and sample date. When duplicates were found, we kept the samples belonging to the dataset that had more info on well properties, well location accuracy, etc. The datasets are the following: 1) Adams County DNR dataset with data up to 2010 (Data was previously shared with Adams Co. from DNR); 2) Adams County UWSP dataset with data up to 2010 (Data was previously shared with Adams Co. from UWSP); 3) DNR data downloaded from the Groundwater Retrieval Network - Historical samples (https://dnr.wi.gov/GRNext/SampleHistory/Search); 4) DNR data downloaded from PWS contaminants portal (https://dnr.wi.gov/dwsviewer/ContamResult/Search); 5) DNR data privately shared with WGNHS; 6) DATCP data privately shared with WGNHS; 7) Wood County data privately shared with WGNHS; 8) USGS data downloaded from the Water Quality Portal (https://www.waterqualitydata.us/); 9) Portage County dataset privately shared with WGNHSThe data does not include samples coming from treated systems. Information on treatment for each public water system can be downloaded at https://dnr.wi.gov/dwsviewer/DS/Search. We only kept the treatments that had "Inorganic removal" objectives. Some systems had an unknown start date of the treatment and/or ongoing end date. If the end date was unknown, we assumed that the end date was the date of today.If the sample date was within the interval time of the start or end date, the measurement was considered treated (flagged as treated = Y in the dataset table)If the sample date was outside the interval time of the start or end date, the measurement was considered not treated (flagged as treated = N in the dataset table)If the sample date was within the interval time of the start or end date, but the start date was unknown, the measurement was considered treated (flagged as treated = MAYBE- START DATE UNKNOWN in the dataset table). For each PWS ID, there are several source IDs (one to many). Treatment information only specifies the PWS ID and the source ID that has the treatment. For assigning a source ID to each WUWN (one to one), we first cross-checked the above-mentioned datasets. Then we tried to retrieve Source ID-WUWN info from the PWS portal, by looking at the entry points table for each PWS ID. We also made the following assumption:If a PWS has only ever had one entry point: assign that well and source ID to that measurement.If a PWS has had two entry points, one abandoned/inactive (1) and one active(2): if the sampling date >= deactivation date, then use well and source id of well 2. If the sampling date For the PWS that had multiple active source IDs, with some of the sources having treatments, we were not able to certainly define what measurement came from a treated system. We flagged these measurements as treated (treated = MAYBE- SOURCE ID UNKNOWN in the dataset table). If the PWS was not mentioned in the original dataset or neither was the WUWN, the sample measurement was flagged as treated (treated = MAYBE- PWS UNKNOWN in the dataset table)We flagged the nitrate measurements as not treated (treated = N in the dataset table) if they were coming from raw water and/or collected from a well.The column "Measurements_per_section" refers to the number of samples collected for each section. The minimum, maximum, mean, std, and median nitrate values are reported for each section. The column "COUNT_exceeds_10_mg_L" includes the number of measurements exceeding Drinking water standards for Nitrate-N per section. The column "COUNT_Wells_sampled_min" includes the number of wells sampled per section. This is just an estimate, as it is based on the unique value or first value of a list of duplicates, based on the Wisconsin Well Unique number or the Portage unique well number, or the UWSP well number. The column "COUNT_Wells exceeding_10_mg_L" includes the number of wells exceeding Drinking water standards for Nitrate-N per section. The column "Percent_samples_over_10mg_L" includes the percentage of samples exceeding Drinking water standards for Nitrate-N per section.The minimum value for the Nitrate-N is set to 0 as some datasets did not include info on Reporting Limit.
    Purpose: The Central Sands nitrate and neonicotinoid database consists of over 100,000 measurements of nitrate and neonicotinoid concentrations in groundwater from wells across Adams, Juneau, Marquette, Portage, Waushara, and Wood counties collected between 1953 and 2021. These counties comprise the Central Sands Groundwater County Collaborative (GSGCC), which facilitated the project to gather these data. The purpose of the project was in order to evaluate trends in nitrate and neonicotinoid concentrations in groundwater and explore correlations between groundwater-quality and land-use type. Findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
    Supplemental_Information: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 20230405
    Currentness_Reference: publication date
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.312727
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.885904
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.685358
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.640937
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Waushara County
      Place_Keyword: Wisconsin
      Place_Keyword: Wood County
      Place_Keyword: Adams County
      Place_Keyword: Portage County
      Place_Keyword: Juneau County
      Place_Keyword: Marquette County
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: These data are provided by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) on an "as is" basis. WGNHS will not be liable for any damages of any kind arising from the use of these data, including, but not limited to direct, indirect, punitive, and consequential. WGNHS makes no warranties on these data, express, implied, statutory, or in any other provision of any agreement or communication, and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Data_Set_Credit:
    Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
    Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP)
    University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point (UWSP)
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
    Adams County
    Portage County
    Wood  County
    Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.8.1.14362
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Logical_Consistency_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Completeness_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 654
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Geographic:
      Latitude_Resolution: 8.983152841195215e-09
      Longitude_Resolution: 8.983152841195215e-09
      Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D WGS 1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Nitrate_stats_per_section_PWS
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: OBJECTID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PLSS
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Measurements_per_section
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: MIN_Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: MAX_Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: MEAN_Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: STD_Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: MEDIAN_Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: COUNT_Exceeds_10_mg_L
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: COUNT_Wells_sampled_min
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: COUNT_Wells_exceeding_10mg_L
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape_Length
      Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape_Area
      Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Percent_samples_over_10mg_L
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Please see the abstract/description section of the metadata for attribute information.
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Distribution_Liability: These data are provided by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) on an "as is" basis. WGNHS will not be liable for any damages of any kind arising from the use of these data, including, but not limited to direct, indirect, punitive, and consequential. WGNHS makes no warranties on these data, express, implied, statutory, or in any other provision of any agreement or communication, and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: Digital Data
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257
    Fees: None.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20230317
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
