Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Publication_Date: 20230405
      Title: No_Duplicates_Non_PWS_all
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Carla R. Romano
          Originator: Nathan D. Sandwick
          Originator: Jennifer L. McNelly
          Originator: Michael J. Parsen
          Originator: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
          Originator: Kenneth R. Bradbury
          Publication_Date: 20230405
          Title: Central sands nitrate and neonicotinoids database
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: Data Series
            Issue_Identification: 002
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Madison, Wisconsin
            Publisher: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
          Other_Citation_Details: Recommended citation: Romano, C.R., Parsen, M.J., Sandwick, N.D., McNelly, J.L., Bradbury, K.R., 2023, Central sands nitrate and neonicotinoids database: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Data Series 002, https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257.
          Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257
  Description:
    Abstract: Summary of nitrate levels and samples for NON Public Water Systems (Private, irrigation, monitoring wells, etc.; All wells, except Municipal, Other than Municipal, Transient Non Community, Non Transient Non Community). This layer includes samples collected between 6/9/1953 and 2/22/2022. This table includes all the data points, including the data points with location accuracy worse than a section (e.g. county centroid, state centroid in column PLSS_final_method'). This layer is a merge of several datasets that were also checked for duplicates. The duplicate check strategy consisted of comparing pairs of datasets based at least on well location (PLSS), nitrate level, and sample date. When duplicates were found, we kept the samples belonging to the dataset that had more info on well properties, well location accuracy, etc.The datasets are the following: 1) Adams County DNR dataset with data up to 2010 (Data was previously shared with Adams Co. from DNR); 2) Adams County UWSP dataset with data up to 2010 (Data was previously shared with Adams Co. from UWSP); 3) DNR data downloaded from the Groundwater Retrieval Network - Historical samples (https://dnr.wi.gov/GRNext/SampleHistory/Search); 4) DNR private well data privately shared with WGNHS; 5) DNR public and private well data privately shared with WGNHS; 6) DATCP data privately shared with WGNHS; 7) Wood County data privately shared with WGNHS; 8) USGS data downloaded from the Water Quality Portal (https://www.waterqualitydata.us/); 9) Portage County dataset privately shared with WGNHS; 10) Juneau County dataset privately shared with WGNHS; 11 ) UWSP private wells data; 12) EPA Juneau County study data (EPA300 method, see report and report addendum at https://www.epa.gov/wi/juneau-county-groundwater-screening-investigation); 13) Study in Juneau County 2021 from UW-MadisonFor private systems, we do not have a direct way to flag the treated systems. We assumed all of the samples were collected from not treated systems. However, for the UWSP and the Portage County dataset we had some information on hardness, alkalinity, and conductivity. Under the suggestion of Kevin Masarik at UWSP, we flagged as treated the measurements that had a low nitrate value, alkalinity and hardness values less than 20 mg/L as CaCO3 and conductivity values 'SAMPLE_DATE': the date when the sample was collected'PLSS_geocode': Info on Township, Range, and Section where the well is located based on the address info'PLSS_final_DATA': Info on Township, Range, and Section where the well is located based on different sources (PLSS_final_source), and methods (PLSS_final_method).'PLSS_final_source': Source(s) of the PLSS information'PLSS_final_method': location accuracy of the PLSS'Well_Use_final': well use 'COUNTY': County where the well is located based on the PLSS. For the sections that fall between Adams and Juneau County, the assigned County is the one where the center of the section polygon is located'Nitrate_mg_L_0' : Nitrate level in mg/L with minimum value =0'Nitrate_mg_L_RL':Nitrate level in mg/L with minimum value = Reporting Limit (when available)'Well_Depth_ft': Depth of the well bottom in feet 'WellD_source': Source(s) of the well depth information'WellD_accurate': Accurate is = 'Y' if a) at least two well datasets agree with each other or b) the data source is only one or c) the well depth is >= water depth or d) well depth is >= casing bottom depth. Accurate is = 'N' if a) all datasets give different well depths or b )the well depth is 'Water_Depth_ft: Static water level at the time of construction of the well in feet 'WaterD_source': Source(s) of the water depth information'WaterD_accurate': Accurate is = 'Y' if a) at least two well datasets agree with each other or b) the data source is only one or c) the water depth well depth 'CasingB_Depth_ft': Depth of the casing bottom in feet'CasingB_source': Source(s) of the casing bottom depth information'CasingB_accurate': Accurate is = 'Y' if a) at least two well datasets agree with each other or b) the data source is only one or c) the casing bottom depth well depth 'Construction_date': Well construction date 'Construction_date_source': Source(s) of the well construction date information'Construction_date_accurate': Accurate is = 'Y' if a) at least two well datasets agree with each other or b) the data source is only one or c) the construction date sample date in OTHER PWS nitrate dataset'Construction_type': Well construction type'Construction_type_source': Source(s) of the well construction type information'Construction_type_accurate': Accurate is = 'Y' if a) at least two well datasets agree with each other or b) the data source is only one. Accurate is = 'N' if a) all datasets give different well construction type'SOURCE_N_DATA': original dataset where the data was taken from.'Well_water_diff': the difference between well depth and water depth. The column is populated only when well depth, water depth, and casing bottom depth are marked as accurate = Y'Water_Casing_diff': the difference between water depth and casing bottom depth. The column is populated only when well depth, water depth, and casing bottom depth are marked as accurate = Y'WellUse_final_source': source of the information on the well use'Well_status': Status of the well. Most of this information comes from DNR datasets (Groundwater Retrieval Network and other datasets privately shared). If the well status is Null, then no info on the well status could have been retrieved.'STORET_code': parameter code (when available) for nitrate measurement. For details see https://legacy.azdeq.gov/environ/waste/sps/download/WQR246.pdf'HighCap': marked as "Y" if the well is a high-capacity well. Most of this information comes from DNR datasets (Groundwater Retrieval Network and other datasets privately shared)'PLSS_latlong': PLSS of the latitude and longitude of the well'PLSS_original': PLSS specified in the original dataset'Wells_sampled_min': this is just an estimate as not all the samples have a Wisconsin Well Unique number or a Portage unique well number or a UWSP well number. The number of wells sampled per section is estimated by searching for the unique value or first value of a list of duplicates (of the well numbers values)'Exceed_10_mg_L': number of measurements exceeding Drinking water standards for Nitrate-N (10 mg/L)'Wells_exceed_10mg_L': number of wells exceeding Drinking water standards for Nitrate-N
    Purpose: The Central Sands nitrate and neonicotinoid database consists of over 100,000 measurements of nitrate and neonicotinoid concentrations in groundwater from wells across Adams, Juneau, Marquette, Portage, Waushara, and Wood counties collected between 1953 and 2021. These counties comprise the Central Sands Groundwater County Collaborative (GSGCC), which facilitated the project to gather these data. The purpose of the project was in order to evaluate trends in nitrate and neonicotinoid concentrations in groundwater and explore correlations between groundwater-quality and land-use type. Findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
    Supplemental_Information: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 20230405
    Currentness_Reference: publication date
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -92.9642
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -86.7088
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.0831
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.458
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Waushara County
      Place_Keyword: Wisconsin
      Place_Keyword: Wood County
      Place_Keyword: Adams County
      Place_Keyword: Portage County
      Place_Keyword: Juneau County
      Place_Keyword: Marquette County
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: These data are provided by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) on an "as is" basis. WGNHS will not be liable for any damages of any kind arising from the use of these data, including, but not limited to direct, indirect, punitive, and consequential. WGNHS makes no warranties on these data, express, implied, statutory, or in any other provision of any agreement or communication, and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Data_Set_Credit:
    Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
    Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP)
    University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point (UWSP)
    University of Wisconsin - Madison (UW - Madison)
    U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
    Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
    Adams County
    Juneau County
    Portage County
    Wood  County
    Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.8.1.14362
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Logical_Consistency_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
  Completeness_Report: Please see the supplemental report accompanying this dataset. Additionally, findings of this investigation are available in a report published by the Water Resources Institute at UW Madison (https://www.wri.wisc.edu/research-archives/datcp2022-1-final-report/).
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: No_Duplicates_Non_PWS_all
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: OBJECTID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SAMPLE_DATE
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PLSS_geocode
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PLSS_final_DATA
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PLSS_final_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PLSS_final_method
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Well_Use_final
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: COUNTY
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Nitrate_mg_L_0
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Nitrate_mg_L_RL
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Well_Depth_ft
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: WellD_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: WellD_accurate
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: WaterD_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: WaterD_accurate
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Water_Depth_ft
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CasingB_Depth_ft
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CasingB_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CasingB_accurate
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_date
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_date_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_date_accurate
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_type
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_type_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Construction_type_accurate
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SOURCE_N_DATA
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Well_water_diff
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Water_Casing_diff
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: WellUse_final_source
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Well_status
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: STORET_code
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: HighCap
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PLSS_latlong
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PLSS_original
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Wells_sampled_min
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Exceed_10mgL
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Wells_exceed_10mgL
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Please see the abstract/description section of the metadata for attribute information.
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Distribution_Liability: These data are provided by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) on an "as is" basis. WGNHS will not be liable for any damages of any kind arising from the use of these data, including, but not limited to direct, indirect, punitive, and consequential. WGNHS makes no warranties on these data, express, implied, statutory, or in any other provision of any agreement or communication, and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: Digital Data
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.48358/dwhy7257
    Fees: None.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20230317
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 3817 Mineral Point Road
        City: Madison
        State_or_Province: Wisconsin
        Postal_Code: 53705
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-262-1705
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: data@wgnhs.wisc.edu
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
